Paul’s Missionary Journey Essay Example for Free

capital of Minnesotas Missionary Journey EssayThe Apostle capital of Minnesota was the great leader in the momentous transition which characterized the apostolic age, the transition from a prevailingly Jewish to a prevailingly gentile Christianity. Under his guidance Christianity was saved from atrophy and death, which threatened it if it remained confined in heaven.At the same time, by reason of his insight into the truth of the Gospel and fidelity to it, as well as by his devotion to the Old Testament and the true to the highest Jewish ideals in which he had been reared, he saved Christianity from the moral and religious degeneracy to which it would surely have been brought if it had broken with its past, and had tried to stand alone and baffled amid the whirl of Greek religious movements of the first and second Christian centuries. In Paul a great force of onward movement and a heavy and conscious radicalism were combined with fundament everyy conservative principles.Paul appears to have been born at not far from the same time as Jesus Christ. consort to Acts, Paul was born in Tarsus (Acts 911 etc. ), received the double name Saul/Paul (139), and done his family possessed Tarsian and roman citizenship (2225-29 (Murphy-OConnor 32-33). Over every last(predicate), Paul can be described as an able and thoroughly trained Jew, who had gained from his residence in a Greek city that degree of Greek raising which complete familiarity with the Greek language and the habitual use of the Greek translation of the Scriptures could bring.At bottom he ever remained the Jew, in his feelings, his background of ideas, and his mode of legal opinion, scarce when he knew how to make tolerably intelligible to Greek readers the truths in which, as lie came to believe, lay the satisfaction of their deepest needs. At capital of Israel Paul entered ardently into the interest group of the Pharisaic ideal of complete conformity in every particular to the Law. He was, he tells us, found blameless (to every eye only when that of his confess conscience), and, he says, I advanced in the Jews religion beyond many of mine avouch age among my countrymen, being more super zealous for the traditions of my fathers.With blinking(a) passion he entered into the persecution of the Christian sect, was present and took a kind of part at the murder of Stephen, and undertook to carry on the work of suppression bulgeside of Palestine at Damascus, whither he journeyed for this purpose with letters of introduction from the authorities at Jerusalem (Murphy-OConnor 52-57). At this time took place his conversion.That he was converted, and at or practiced Damascus, his own words leave no doubt. I persecuted, he says in writing to the Galatians, the Church of God. . . exactly when it was the good pleasure of God, who separated me, even from my mothers womb, and called me through his grace, to reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the gentiles straight flair I conferred not with flesh and blood neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me but I went away into Arabia and again I returned unto Damascus (Gal i. 13-17). The change evidently presented itself to Pauls caput as a direct divine interpellation in his life.It came to him in a revelation of Jesus Christ, whereby (and through no human intermediary) he received the Gospel which he preached, and the commission to be an apostle. He refers to it as to a single event and an absolute change of direction, not a gradual process and development the deuce parts of his life stood astutely contrasted, he did not conceive that he had slid by imperceptible stages from one to the other. What things i. e. his advantages of birth and Jewish attainment were gain to me, these have I counted loss for Christ . . . or whom I suffered as if in a single moment the loss of all things (Phil. iii. 7. 8).From Pauls own words, so, we know that he was converted from a persecu tor to a Christian, at a definite time and at or near Damascus, by what he considered to be the direct interposition of God and it seems to be this palpate of which he thought as a vision of the risen Christ (Hubbard 176-77). After Pauls conversion, which took place in the latter part of the reign of Tiberius (14-37 a. d. ), about xv years passed before the missionary career began of which we have knowledge from Acts and from Pauls own epistles.During this time Paul was first in Arabia, that is in some part of the imperium of which Damascus was the most famous city, then in Damascus, and later, after a brief visit to Jerusalem, in Cilicia, doubtless at his old home Tarsus. In this boundary we may suppose that he was adjusting his whole system of thought to the new centre which had established itself in his mind, the Messiahship of Jesus. With the new basis in mind every part of his intellectual world must have been thought through. Especially, we may believe, will he have studie d the relation of Christian trust to the old dispensation and to the ideas of the prophets.The fruit of these years we have in the matured thought of the epistles. They show a steadiness of view and a readiness of resource in the use of the Old Testament, which testify to through work in the time of preparation. Epistles written years apart, like Galatians, Romans and Philippians, surprise us by their uniformity of thought and unstrained similarity of language, in spite of the richness and vivacity of Pauls thought and style. So, for the most part, the characteristic ideas even of Epliesians and Colossians are found suggested in germ in Corinthians and the early epistles.Pauls epistles represent the literary flowering of a mind prepared by years of study and reflection (Murphy-OConnor 90-95). At Pauls missionary journey and the beginning then made of churches in Asia Minor we have already looked in a previous chapter. After his return to Antioch followed that great and pivotal occ asion of early Christian history, the so-called Council, or Conference, at Jerusalem, described in the fifteenth chapter of Acts and by Paul in the second chapter of Galatians.At that time Paul established his adept to carry on the work of Christian missions in accordance with his own principles and his own understanding of the Christian religion. His relation with the Twelve Apostles seems then and at all times to have been cordial. His difficulties came from others in the Jewish Church. To this we know of only one exception, apparently somewhat later than the Conference, the occasion at Antioch when Peter under compel from Jerusalem withdrew from fellowship with the gentile brethren, and called out from Paul the severe rebuke of which we read in Galatians.There is reason to believe that the rebuke accomplished its purpose. At any rate, at a later time there is no evidence of a continued breach. The idea of missionary travel had evidently taken possession of Paul, for after retu rning from Jerusalem to Antioch he soon started out again, and was incessantly occupied with missionary work from now until the moment of his arrest at Jerusalem. Leaving Antioch on his second journey he and his companions hurried across Asia Minor, stopping only, it would appear, to revisit and inspect churches previously established.They were led by the Holy Spirit, as the author of Acts believed, to direct their course westward as rapidly as possible to Greece, which was to be the next stage in the path to the capital of the world. In Macedonia and Achaia Paul and his companions worked with varying success at Philippi, Thessalonica, Ber? a, Athens, Corinth. At Corinth, the chief commercial city of Greece, the Christians arrived in the late autumn. The work opened well, and Paul remained at that historic centre until a year from the following spring.The date of his arrival cannot be exactly determined, but is probably one of the five years between 49 and 53 a. d. While at Corint h he wrote the First and (if it is genuine) the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians. Somewhere about this time, perhaps before leaving Antioch for this journey, the Epistle to the Galatians was written. The churches of Galatia, to which it is addressed, were probably the churches known to us in Acts as Pisithan Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe.After a flying trip to Syria and perhaps to Jerusalem Paul returned to Ephesus in Asia Minor, where he settled down for a stay of terzetto years. A few incidents of this finale have been recorded in the Book of Acts, and are among the most striking and realistic that we have. They include a remarkable human activity of points of contact with facts known to us from archeological discoveries, and in no chapters of Acts is our confidence more fully reassured in the contemporary knowledge and the trustworthiness of the writer of the book.While at Ephesus Paul had much communication with Corinth, and wrote I Corinthians, which had clearly bee n preceded by another letter. There are indications in II Corinthians that after this he found the difficulties in the church at Corinth such that he wrote them at least one letter which has been lost, and made a short, and in its outcome exceedingly painful, trip to Corinth and back to Ephesus. Finally he was impelled by danger to his life to leave Ephesus, and went through Macedonia to Corinth.On the way he wrote, to prepare for his own presence, the epistle we call II Corinthians. Arriving at Corinth in the early winter he stayed until spring. His literary impulse continued active, and to this winter we owe the Epistle to the Romans. Earlier letters had been called out by special need in one or another church in Romans Paul comes nearer to a systematic exposition of his god than in any of his earlier writings. He knew the importance that would surely belong to the Christian Church of Rome.He had made up his mind to go there. But first he must go to Jerusalem, and there were dang ers both from the risks of travel and from hostile men. Of each hind his life had had many examples. Accordingly he provided for the Roman Christians a clear statement of his main position, together with a reply to several of the chief objections brought against it, notably the allegations that his presentation of Christianity involves the abrogation of Gods promises to his chosen people, and that it opened the way to moral laxity.This letter Paul sent as an earnest of his own visit to Rome. He had been for a year or more supervising the order by the churches of Asia Minor and Europe of a contribution for the poor Christians at Jerusalem the gentile churches should thus make a repayment in animal(prenominal) things to those who had made them to be partakers of their spiritual things. This contribution was now ready, and Paul himself with a group of representatives of the chief churches took ship at Philippi and Troas for Jerusalem.The voyage is narrated in gunpoint in Acts, evide ntly by one who was a member of the company. At last Paul reached Jerusalem, and was well received by the church but, followed as he was by the hatred of Jews from the Dispersion who had recognized the menace to the Jewish religion proceeding from the new sect, he was set upon by a mob, rescued only by being taken in custody by the Roman authorities, and after a series of exciting adventures which will be found praiseworthily told in the Book of Acts, was brought to Csarea.There he stayed a prisoner for two years and more until on the occasion of a change of Roman Governor his case was brought up for trial, when he exercised the right of a Roman citizen to appeal from the jurisdiction of the Governor to that of the imperial court at Rome. It was late autumn, but he was dispatched with a companion whom we may well believe to be Luke the beloved physician, and from whom our account certainly comes.The narrative of Pauls voyage and shipwreck, of the winter on the island of Malta, and the last(a) arrival at Rome early in one of the years between 58 and 62 a. d. is familiar. It is the most important document that antiquity has go forth us for an understanding of the mode of working an ancient ship, while the picture which it gives of Paul as a practical man is a delightful add to our other knowledge of him(Murphy-OConnor 324).In Rome, while under guard awaiting trial, Paul probably wrote Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, and the circular letter, seemingly intended for churches in Asia Minor, known to us as Ephesians. They show some new development of ideas long present with him, and some new thoughts to which his other writings give no parallel, and the style of some of them has changed a bit from the freshness of Galatians and Romans but these are not sufficient reasons for denying that Paul wrote the letters.They are, indeed, as it seems to me, beyond reasonable doubt genuine. The Book of Acts ends with the words, And he Paul abode two whole years in his own hired dwelling, and received all that went in unto him, preaching the Kingdom of God, and teaching the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness, none forbidding him. This period of two years is sufficient to include the composition of the four epistles to which reference has just been made, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, and Epliesians, the so-called Epistles of the Captivity.What happened at the expiration of the period? Apparently Pauls case, long postponed, then came to trial. Did it result in his release or his execution? The evidence is meager and conflicting, and opinions differ. It is perhaps a little more likely that he was released, and entered on further missionary work, probably carrying out his original purpose of pushing on with the proclamation of his Gospel to the west, and establishing it in Spain but of this period there is no narrative.If after two years Pauls imprisonment at Rome ended with his release, as the absence of well-founded charge s against him would lead us to expect, he must have been later again apprehended, probably in connection with the persecution artfully turned against the Christians at the time of Neros fire in July of the year 64. It is apparent that he was beheaded, to which privilege his Roman citizenship entitled him, and that he was ultimately buried on the Ostian Way at the spot where now stands the splendid basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls.

The Dubliners a collection of short stories by James Joyce Essay Example for Free

The Dubliners a collection of short stories by James Joyce EssayJames Joyce wrote The Dubliners, a collection of short stories. One in particular called Eveline influenced the narrative seen in remote From HomeFar From Home is written in the triad soul and is a character set story. Free indirect discourse has been used to make the reader relate to the character. This technique allows the audience to gain insight into the characters thoughts feelings and dilemmas without exploitation the first person narrative. Examples of when Joyce uses free indirect discourse can be seen in the trine person narratives such(prenominal)(prenominal) as, Eveline, The Two Gallants and The Dead. In Eveline the main characters ambivalence is strikeed at the beginning of the story She tried to weigh each side of the question. The reader becomes aw ar of what Eveline is thinking and feeling somewhat leaving home. This line describes nigh entirely what the story is about the confusion and thou ghtfulness Eveline is putting into leaving home.The protagonist in Far From Home is described use a third persons perspective. When the protagonists in Joyces stories are novel or adolescent he uses first person narrative to direct the story. The stories Araby, An Encounter and The Sisters are written in this narrative. In order to identify the first person narratives pronouns such as I My or Me are used.When Joyces main character is an adult he writes in the third person narrative. Eveline, Counterparts and a Little cloud are written in third person narrative and to identify the narrative, pronouns such as He/She His/Her and It are used. Far From Home employs the third person narrative because penny, like Eveline, is seen as an adult. This method in Far From Home shows that Joyces techniques are incorporated into the story.Local stress and route names, as seen in Araby and The two Gallants, are also seen in Far From Home. In The Two Gallants street names are used regularly to convey a documentary style attachment to reality They walked along Nassau Street and then turned into Kildare Street.Far From Home refers to places like OlDive and street names such as Morrison Street. This also conveys a sense of authenticity. Slang terms such as on the turf, used in The two Gallants slacken off the reader an informal approach to the story thus creating a sense of realism. Far From Home also incorporates this style by using chuck the nursing bottle and colloquial dialect, authenticity is added to the narration.Far From Home resembles a storyline similar to that of Eveline. penny, the protagonist in Far From Home, is paralysed by her fathers terrible drinking habits and aggression. Both characters bop that their father may not survive alone. centime lives with her father and finds it hard to have a go at it with his drinking habits. Her father also has a girlfriend called Kristy who has two young children. Penny has an ill mother which she cannot see. This dilemma conveys a great deal of the frustration seen in the story. Similarly, Eveline feels trapped by her fathers drinking and violence, yet feels that father is alike weak to survive by himself. Her father was becoming old lately, and he would miss her, suggests that Evelines father is weak.Pennys problems and thoughts drive the story, thus making it a character driven story. Far From Home intentionally develops Pennys character rather than focusing on conveying a detailed plot. This technique reflects Joyces use of minimal action in his stories, creating a sense of paralysis which engulfs his characters. Both stories show the characters as they are facing a demeanor changing dilemma both characters are ineffectual to complete their escape from it. This is an typesetters case of how minimal action and lack of resolution work together to reflect the al-Qaeda of paralysis.Far From Home also has a similar theme to that of The Dead. Penny feels that she has missed opportunities t o love her mother and Gabriel feels he has missed the opportunity to love his wife in her youth. Penny resents the concomitant that she had stayed aside from her mother for so long just because her father told her to. She realises that her mother will die soon and that they have missed a great deal of family bonding. The fact that both characters feel they have missed out on certain important events in their lives shows the similarities in the stories.In the sense that Joyce uses paralysis, Far From Home uses cynicism. In The Dead Gabriel patronises his family and friends make himself ridiculous by quoting poetry to them which they could not understand Pennys friend is also seen as been extremely pathetic. In the Two Gallants, The Dead and A Little Cloud, the characters are portrayed as been cynical or rejecting their home country. In The Dead Gabriel is called a west Briton Little Chandler says minute vermin-like life Pennys cynical side is revealed by the way she patronises Sara h Sarah was too dependent and weak in her eyes. and calls the children, screaming bundles of hate, Far From Home relates to the paralytic and cynical attitude Joyces characters are all ready in.In Far From Home grammar is occasionally used to create a dramatic effect. When Penny leaves her home and begins to make her way to the fields, left wing down Morrison Street towards what looked like a dead end, a split up meter emphasises the dead end at the end of the sentence. This is to subtly elaborate the paralysis in the story.To emphasise the situation at the beginning of Far From Home intentionally complex grammatical construction is used. Compound and simple sentences are regularly used for effect in James Joyces stories. He ties these techniques with a combination of m whatsoever scam sentences to create abstract melodic themes. Far From Home begins with an abstract idea for dramatic effect. The sound slowly emerging from the street, the raw talent of the local Charity for the Church band, calmed and slowed the frustrated breath escaping a hard chest. By using modifiers, words or phrases used to specify the nature of another, the abstract idea can be emphasised. The sound is modified by explaining where it is coming from. The sentence is abstract because of how it is constructed and modified.In The Two Gallants A shade of mockery..But Corley had not a subtle mind. is a combination of sentences introducing abstract ideas to make the reader think thoroughly about the situation presented.Far From Home is a fragmented narrative this is to achieve effective characterisation as each fragment reveals a layer of abstruseness to Pennys character. Fragmentation also reflects the confusion Penny has faced throughout her childhood and adolescence. This is further intensified through foreshadowing, which is a literary technique used to reveal a partial amount of the ending without revealing what happens, Far From Home employs this technique could still feel the ghos t of her mothers, soft, cold hands. This is because the story is a fragmented narrative and the foreshadowing adds emphasis on the upset state of mind Penny is in.The protagonists sense of frustration is intensified with the use of emotive lexis and pathetic fallacy. Modifiers and verbs such as frustrated, escaping and peace erupted all add to the theme running throughout Far From Home. In order to make the reader understand the build up of paralysis and frustration at the end of the story, the oppressive mood needed to run constantly throughout the story. To be successful the story begins with Penny comfort down from a stressful situation calmed and slowed the frustrated breathFrom this point on Penny is faced with frustrating or annoying situations the screaming amongst the peace erupted The children Penny has to look after are a lot to take on at such a young age and Penny finds she is unable to cope with them.The word clouded is used as a pathetic fallacy to not only describe t he feelings of the protagonist, but to also reflect the dull and confuse situation she is bound by. Another example used in Far From Home is the room felt icy and empty. It felt like her head. Pennys surroundings constitute the emotions she is feeling.For dramatic effect, modifiers, with emotive connotations to convey the stressful or frustrating situations are used the phrase the stench of the bottle rose reflects the disgust and hate Penny has for her fathers lifestyle. Stench is the word in this phrase which is most important as this is the word which conveys a disgusted tone. To continue the tone of disgust in the pursuit paragraph other emotive words such as circled and disgust are used.Semantics reflecting frustration and paralysis are used at the beginning of Far From Home and repeated throughout the story. The opening words are selected to combine the idea of escapism from paralysis, confusion and frustration. Frustration quite obviously reflects the ongoing theme and har d chest emphasises the feeling of anger. The word hard is an emotive word to reflect the tension built up with anger. Escaping dramatically emphasises the tone of the story. The dramatic sentence at the beginning of the story establishes the paralysed tone reiterated throughout Far From Home.Alliteration is used when Sarah is introduced. stood, startled and shocked. The alliteration of this phrase reflects the attitude and thoughts Penny has for her. Sarah is obviously an unincorporated and unstable woman this sentence reflects her personality and disposition.Personification is another method of incorporating escapism from the paralytic lifestyle Penny is subjected to. Personification is used repeatedly throughout Far From Home it is used mainly to describe the moon as another person that Penny can relate to The moon whispered to Penny,An example of personification can be seen in Eveline when Evelines hands are given human attributes Her hands clutched the iron in frenzy. The conno tations of the word frenzy emphasise and recreate the state of Evelines mind and her feelings of confusion and fright. At the end of Far From Home the same technique is used. Frustration gripped her heart this reflects the ongoing theme of frustration and the emotions Penny feels for her lost mother. It was like a wave of warmth The use of this simile adds to the effect of Penny calming down and the mention of waves or referral to the sea is ordinarily incorporated with Penny relaxing throughout the story.Araby a story in which Joyce tackles the theme of the inadequacy of adolescence, employs an extended metaphor for the exotic surprises that we expect to discover in life and the disappointment experienced. The Bazaar represents the exotic, exciting lifestyle and the disappointment at the Bazaar represents the disappointment in life. To imitate the use of an extended metaphor in Far From Home, Pennys mothers illness represents the paralysis Penny is experiencing as a result of her lack of communication with her mother Penny knows she can never share any moments of true bonding because her mother is too ill.The end of Far From Home displays the use juxtaposition of these two words small, strong Along with the use of modifiers such as mountainous, consumed and engulfed Pennys life seems to be represented by all that surrounds her in the hospital room with her mother. She is paralysed by life, because she is too small to fight it.

Learning Foreign Language Are Brain Benefits English Language Essay

Learning Foreign Language Are Brain Benefits English Language EssayBased on my research on this topic, I found that culture a secondary delivery or orthogonal run-in does not cause lyric poem confusing, language delay, and cognitive deficit. Other than that, last updated by Susan Lang on 12th May 2009 on the webpage of Learning a second language is good childhood heed medicine say that, in a study at Cornell Language Acquisition Lab (CLAL), children who learn a secondary language can verify attention despite out cheek stimuli better than children who know only one language.Thesis/ PreviewThe goal of my speech today is persuade you to learn foreign language because learning foreign language give bring a lot of benefits. The benefits of learning foreign language are brain benefits, make your hold up easier and make travelling much enjoyable.TransitionNow that we have clear understanding on what is foreign language, let me share with you how learning foreign language can bri ng along brain benefits to you.BodyMain Point 1First of all, learning foreign language can bring along brain benefits to the learner.According to a webpage of The benefits of learning a foreign language last updated by Alice Langholt, stated that the brain will form new skittish connections and pathways to assimilate new information when we are learning a foreign language.The new symbols, new sounds and nuances of meaning have intellectual activities for the brain.Both right side and left side of the brain are stimulated while learning a foreign language.Train our brain to increase the learning capacity.The to a greater extent intermit of our brain is involved in learning, the longer the learning is retained and the more the brain is taught to use the new information.It will enhance the ability of students in learning academic subjects.TransitionLets say, your work requires you to communicate with the client of diverse nationalities and from the overseas. But, you are not able to communicate with your client effectively due to the language breach and it may make you to lose the client. Next, I will discuss with you that learning foreign language can make your work easier.Main Point 2The benefits of learning foreign language can make your work easier.According to the webpage of The advantages of learning a foreign language, last updated by James Dunn on eighteenth July 2007 stated that the boss will see you as a valuable employee if you are able to speak in different languages.You will get the jeopardize to work in other countries and you may even get promoted to higher position.You can easily communicate with your client as you will not smelling awkward while talking to others.According to the webpage of Advantages of learning a foreign language at an early age, last updated by Turgay Dincay on 25th November 2011 stated that learning more than one language can increase the opportunities for careers.Secondary or tertiary language that adds a new dimension to your resume will make you having advantage to be hired by the company.According to the webpage of The important and advantages of learning a second language, last updated by Rita Putatunda stated that the secondary language can become a valuable asset in your work.This contributes to your overall achievement of professional and personal career goals.TransitionImagine that you are in beautiful foreign country, in which everything is new for you and you are walking along the street. The only thing that bothers you is you cannot understand what local people are talking about. Hence, I will share with you the benefits of learning foreign language during your travelling.Main Point 3Learning foreign language can make your travelling more enjoyable.According to the webpage of The advantages of learning a foreign language, last updated by James Dunn on 18th July 2007 stated that you will enjoy the trip in which you are able to understand the language of the country you are visiting.You c an communicate with the local residents and make new acquaintances.You will be able to read the mark board and menus in restaurants.You are able to understand the movies and culture of the country you are visiting.ConclusionBrakelight/SummaryIn a nutshell, I would like to break up that learning foreign language will bring a lot of benefits, which are the brain benefits, make your work easier and make travelling more enjoyable. association Back to AudienceA lot people think they may go everywhere by using English language alone and whatever people even think learning a foreign language has no advantage for their life. This perception is totally wrong because as the economy becomes more globalized, English will only become less and less of an option.Concluding Memorable RemarksI would like to end my speech with a quotation, as postmark Smith said, One language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way.

Personal Reflection And Action Plan

Personal formula And Action PlanSelf-monitoring is a personality trait which measures the ability of an individual (he or she) to make up their behaviour to the demand of the external situational factors. There were many situations where my behavior was not proper with respect to understanding of other persons situation. Every employee shits in a bad way(p) as they snuggle dead arguments. I live with neglected colleagues many times by not replying to their urgent emails because I was much worried close to completion of diddle on time, though the sender required input data from me to go ahead further. I gave inappropriate answers to colleagues who blasted me for technical doubts that added unnecessary arguments. The management had introduced a new extremity for the projects uniform documentation, reviews and so on. I argued many times by not thinking from opinion of the manager and the organisation. There were situations when I got escalated with trivial issues. However, the problem efficiency have been solved easily if I had thought from the other persons perspective and acted fitly.1.Action DescribedPeople Centred Manager Skills that I will develop exemplar of b atomic number 18-ass Behaviour you will pompousness given this new skillResources youneed toimplementactionActions specific benefits to an disposal according to theory ( Kinicki Kreiter)Not replying to valuable emails when under pressure.Giving vague answers when I was in stressArgued with manager against new process by not thinking in right perspectiveEscalated with trivial issues when in stressBe more flexible and respond to others in an appropriate manner.Think twice before responding to others.Communicate in a clear and swell manner.Stay cool and calm during stress and control the temper levels.Avoid unnecessary arguments. Think objectively.Understand the issues objectively before intensifying. elapse some time on replying urgent issues. If I cannot reply immediately, I would in form they by email or phone.Give clear answers to people according to the situation and let me them that I would attend them later if I am busy.Think objectively, think from others point of view before raising concerns. Be patient.I would practice constructive criticism.Avoid discussing unnecessary issues.Take assist from friends and colleagues by discussing how would they handle stress and plan their work.Gain knowledge on how to interpret some(prenominal) the verbal and non-verbal gestures.Practice pranayams(breathing exercise) and do meditation.Improve communication by verbalizeing and reading Communicating in Digital Age(Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)There is must success with gamey self-monitors and career success (Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)Good communication within the team and emends come up- be of the group (Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)High self monitors are people who are emotionally rise especially managers who can help their employers reduce conflicts, anger and stress related pr oblems.(Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)Reflection 2 and Action plan 2 Measuring your desire for cognitive process FeedbackI strongly believe that feedback helps what actions an individual need to change. I come under the category of moderate desire for feedback as per the hands-on exercise. As a person I knew what I did and how much I am supposed to do (a task). Generally I work according to the plan as schedule by me ahead of the task. Sometimes, I regret for not taking feedback slightly my progress at work. Even though I am satisfied with my work, a lot I limit doubts whether the management is happy about the spirit of my contri stillion the organization. Most of the time, I did not bother negative feedback and did not handle in a proper manner in order to avoid feeling insecure. many an(prenominal) times I got a feedback with a negative message like I does not listen to team leaders, come late to the way and leave from work before closing hours. Because of this I should not show desensitize ear to all kind of feedbacks rather I must get used to take objective feedback to improve my self-efficiency.1.Action DescribedPeople Centred Manager Skills that I will developExample of New Behaviour you will display given this new skillResources you need to implement actionActions specific benefits to anorganization according totheory ( Kinicki Kreiter)Working according to the plan without taking feedback.Neglecting to take feedback with pretend to progress of my work.Avoid by not takingfeedback from management with regard to the quality of work done by me.Avoiding negative feedbackI would take feedback from team members and plan accordingly to improve. define up to date feedback for progressing, improve quality and productivity of work.Take regular feedback with respect to quality of work.I would rather focus to improve in the areas where I feel uneasy by using objective negative feedback.Schedule the task to be done and work on it, request colleagues to go through it and get feedback to improve planning the thinks.At the time execution of the task, regularly get help from colleagues in the form of feedback to find out whether I am at par with others.When I masterful the task, I would ask team members to review it so that the mistakes are traced out and can improve the quality of the task(work).It would be better for me to take feedback from others as I cannot be objective for my own motion. Consider, for example how I can improve my communication skills.Schedule a timetable for getting feedback time to time from a well organised teammate so that I can get proper guidance.A user friendly centralised system should be developed to help people to give feedbackA moderator to be present in the discussion to ensure that the feedback is objectiveA new approach for building positive coitus betweenmanagers and employees so that work is managed well and there is a good outcome as expected. (Performance Conversations Model, Christoper D.Lee).Employee s gets motivated to improve performance, attitude and their intensions from performance feedback.Sometimes even out the negative feedback can havepositive motivational effect(Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)The outcome of feedback gives behaviour direction, resistance, effort and persistence(Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)http//www.amazon.com/Performance-Conversations-Alternative-Appraisals-Christopher/dp/1587366053Reflection3 and Action plan 3 vocation happinessJob satisfaction has relation with motivation at work. I have low job satisfaction with recognition, compensation and supervision as per the hands-on-exercise. I came to know that my friends are paid more for doing similar jobs in other companies. I also regret about the goals set to me by my manager at the time of appraisal. It has effect on my compensation which lowered motivation. However, I have not approach my manager to express my concern and to worsen the situation I got frustrated and decreased my efficiency at work. My manager is a headstrong person who wanted things to happen in his way. As an employee I expected to have freedom at work. Many times we ended up with arguments there by creating uncomfortable working conditions. Because of constant supervision my frustration levels increased which less(prenominal)en the productivity. Often, team members were blamed for unnecessary issues that were not relevant to work which in turn lowered the motivation level among the team.1.Action DescribedPeople Centred Manager Skills that I will developExample of New Behaviour you will display given this new skillResources you need to implement actionActions specific benefits to an organization according to theory ( Kinicki Kreiter)Did not discuss with manager regardingappraisal.I have not given the feedback to the manager, so work atmosphere is not improved.Getting stressed and their by neglecting work.Expressed my frustration on team members for which I ended in bad descent with team.Got de motivated and reduced the production level payable to unnecessary arguments with the management.I would express my views by talking to manager and come up with all the available options.Always give quick feedback to the management so that they take immediate action on concerning issues.Analyse the issue and act accordingly so that a good environment is created.Maintain healthy relationship with team members by being calm while at work.Avoid arguing unnecessarily by thinking objectively and positively so that at least new issues may not be raised.I prefer to take feedback from the management so as to understand how they think of the productivity.I would approach the concerned authority and let them know about the problems in the team. conference to the manager personally about sensitive matters like appraisal to maintain good relationship.Reducing the frustration levels when talking to colleagues. Get dedicated to work along with the team.If there are any problems approach the management and let them know an d talk to them clearly.Expecting the onsite opportunities to work on a project cover the lost compensation.I make sure that Iattend various programs that improves me personallyand team coordination.Get used to new activities like yoga, playing indoor games to calm down yourself.Know myself at what level I am in the team by taking feedback from my team members.There is a conntection between job satisfaction of and motivation (Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)There is a positive relationship between customer satisfaction andorganisational citizenship behaviours (Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)The more the person is healthy and has control on him the better the positive atmosphere is created in the organization(Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)When we are satisfied we perform well and performance in turn causes satisfaction(Kinicki Kreitner, 2009)Reflection 4 and Action Plan 4 Ethical BehaviourAs a fresher I misused piece resources when I was working for a company. As per rules of an organization, we were not su pposed to divulge confidential information to the people who are not part of our team precisely many times I talked about the project with friends. We are supposed to use landline phones for office purpose only i.e. to clarify doubts with team members but we misused it for personal purpose. The company used to provide aliment and transportation for employees who work after 9 p.m. We used to stay till 9oclock to have food and go home by office car. We used to move around in the lunch break and back to the office late in the good afternoon session. Sometimes we abscond from office during work hours by telling that we were not feeling well and take official leave. We were supposed to internet services for curious only the data that was relevant to the technology we were working on but many times we misused by watching news, cricket scores, chatting and so on. Many times we blamed each other for errors in the project work even though our mistake is there. Inspite of us being unethica l to the organization we were not pointed out by the management because of our work performance.1.Action DescribedPeople Centred Manager Skills that I will developExample of New Behaviour you will display given this new skillResources you need to implement actionActions specific benefits to an organization according to theory ( Kinicki Kreiter)I am unethical to the company by using its resources for personal purposeUsing internet services for personal use.Blaming others for errors in the project.I would send a clear message by cultivating good habits and behavior about ethical conduct.Let the management know what need to be done to restrict the employees from misuse of the resources and suggest them to take severe action.Talk and listen to the senior employee about the ethical standards. distinguish a habit of following ethics of the company.Be regular to the office and work till the office hours are completed.Make use of the available resources strictly for office purpose only and not doing personal work in the office.I would be creditworthy for what I do and rectify the mistakes I have done by approaching collegues.Attend various ethical training programs to tackle with the ethical issues.Make use of the decision trees to evaluate the ethical questions.Attend meetings and informal conversations where leaders talk about ethical behavior by telling the situational examples.By being ethical one can act has a role model for others to follow and create good atmosphere in the company(Kinicki Kreither, 2009)Create an environment where employees are given chance to express them so that companies ethics are not violated(Kinicki Kreither, 2009)Provide training sessions on ethics at the time orientation, online lectures and through seminors (Kinicki Kreither, 2009)Reflection 5 and Action Plan 5 Intrinsic MotivationWe were supposed to deliver a project to the client in a very less span of time. The task became a huge challenge to me because the time span is not suffici ent. We were told to work for extra hours in the office. I went into a perception that I lost passion about my work because it was difficult for us to adjust all of a sudden to the new work environment.My team members and I could not give output up to the expectations because of the low intrinsic movtivation this in turn has effect on capabilities of my decision making. We lost confidence and passion for work. We did not get proper requirements from the client and as well from manager i.e. he does not give clear picture of what we are supposed to do. It was very difficult to go ahead with the project in less span of time because we were supposed to learn new concepts to implement in the project. Inspite of me working hard I do not get proper information from my lead or manager from time to time.1.Action DescribedPeople Centred Manager Skills that I will developExample of New Behaviour you will display given this new skillResources you need to implement actionActions specific benefit s to an organization according to theory ( Kinicki Kreiter) befuddled passion at work because of new work environment.Did not get proper requirements from manager.No idea of new concept to be implemented in the task.No recognition from manager for my work.Get inspiration by recognizing my passion at work and by modeling desired behaviours.I would discuss with the employees about the tasks.Give proper training on the concepts before going ahead with the task and give support to learn.Report to the manager from time to time about work, be ethical.I would work with commitment and compassion till the project is handed to the client.When I get a task I would sit with the colleagues and get a clear picture of what we are supposed to do.Implement the task using new concept and approach team mates if necessary.I would work for extra work in the office and let the manager know if I help others at work by working late nights.motivational lectures from the management or video tapes showing the examples for commitment towards work.Come to a solution by analyzing the task, approach the manager for modifications for confirmation.Sample documents that are related to our task.A system should be developed where the employees are monitored and rewarded .The company benefits from high productivity if the job performance of its employees is raisedIdentify and implement various kinds of managerial behaviours to improve intrinsic rewards(Kinicki Kreither, 2009).The organization have high retention rate if the employees feel that they are more valuedThe organization can improve bottom line results.http//www.ehow.com/how_4714830_foster-intrinsic-motivation-workplace.htmlhttp//www.callcentrehelper.com/building-better-performance-through-intrinsic-motivation-48.htm

Employee motivation special reference to mcdonalds

Employee motivation special reference to mcdonaldsSince departed few decades signifi gougece efforts have been made to better the workers efficiency and effectiveness and in run to achieve this business enterprises structure have been made waxy. Some masses have regret the loss of regular on the cheat(p)s pattern and the others are enjoying and taking the advantage of the flexible operative hours (Prospect 2008). The flexible working pattern has become very popular in many organisations and has contri simplyed a lot in the employees liveness style in positive way.McDonaldsThe aim of the research is to find the role of flexible working hours in employees motivation. The organisation chosen to conduct the research is McDonalds UK Corporation. McDonalds is steadfast food service retailing chain of 30,000 restaurants famous for burgers and chips and is operating in 119 countries globally. Most of the restaurants are franchised. The company also operates under the name of The Boston market in US and has head quarters in US Oak Brook and employees more than 450,000 employees. The company had turnover of more than 20,000 million USD in 2009. ( information observe 2009)1.2.1 McDonalds EmployeesIn UK, McDonalds employs more than 50,000 people (not including franchisees staff) of which 57% staffs are male and 43% of staff is female and 66% of the hourly paid staff is aged amid 16 and 20 years and 90% of staff are work for ab go forth 35 hours per week. Training of the staff is compulsory prior to start the job and is considered of great importance in the development of the employees. Flexible working practices give this opportunity to staff to fulfil their commitments with the family or education. Most of the managers in McDonald have started as hourly-paid and half of the companys middle and senior managers moved up from restaurant based positions.2.1 RESEARCH AIMThe aim of the research is to identify the role of flexible working in the employees motivat ion. The research has following objectives and questions.RESEARCH OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the role of flexible working times in employee loyalty and satisfaction.To analyze the effect of flexible working on employees motivation and performance.To examine the benefits and limitations of adopting flexible working within the companyTo explore the flexible working practices currently followed by McDonaldsTo suggest recommendations to McDonalds to improve the flexible working arrangements to enhance the employees performance.RESEARCH QUESTIONSThe proposed research questions areWhat does flexible working means?How flexible working is being practiced in McDonalds?How McDonalds can improve retention rate through FWP?What have been the benefits and limitations of adopting the flexible working practices for McDonalds?LITERATURE REVIEWLiterature review provides the foundation of the research on which result is reinforced (Saunders 2007). Theoretical concept and moulds described by the Harvard F ramework of HRM and concept of Flexibility, Employee Loyalty, Cultural issues and Employee Retention allow be reviewed in the literature study.Guests Theory of HRMGuest describes policies in strategic integration which ensure human resource management is integrated first employees commitment to improve their performance through their behaviour, second flexibility ensuring flexible organization structure, third high quality service because of flexible working hours (Guest1989). The concept of human resource management is to approach best practices which are delicious universally. (Torrington 2008)FlexibilityFlexibility the term is being used in wide range of forms in organizations. For example internal flexibility shift of workers between opposite departments in an organization to benefit from their multi-skills. As an external flexibility hiring or subcontracting employees as per requirement. (Huws 1999)Employee LoyaltyA research of 3500 American workers investigates the relation ship among work and deportment policies, informal support and employee loyalty over the liveness course. Flexible working practices have consistent and positive effects on the employees loyalty. (SpringerLink 2004)Theories of Flexible Working socialization has deep effect on individuals and organizations in their life. Four types of cultural styles which are individual Culture (people work for themselves to live with basic needs or luxuries), lying-in Culture, Role Culture (Clearly layd roles are set out within a hierarchical structure) and Club Culture (Like-minded people loosely grouped more or less a charismatic leader). He describes the flexible working in the context of the cultural values of the individuals and organizations. (Handy 1988)Employment FlexibilityPinfield and Atkinson (1998) map four approaches to increase craft flexibility to achieve competitive advantage. These are as follows1. Time flexibility.2. Functional flexibility.3. Distancing flexibility4. Financi al or Pay flexibility.The Flexible FirmA model for flexible firm in which it is divides its labour force into a core of permanent workers performing the key task and evanescent workers to complete daily tasks. The temporary staffs protect the core group from change in demand in the labour market and reduce the labour cost and promote flexibility in the organisation. (Atkinson and Meager, 1986 Pollert, 1988 Hakim, 1987)(Keizer 2008)Flexible working arrangements can play a valuable role in organizational performance Flexible working is beneficial in the matter to of both employees and employers. Adopting the flexible working practices has identified significant reduction in staff sickness, absence, and turnover levels, employees retention, motivation. On the organization side it has enhanced the organization overall image. Employees can also choose their work-patterns to make a work-life balance. (CIPD 2008)Employee RetentionEmployers can retain their staff most effectively. This r etention is not because of the high payment but the highest level of reward by offering them other benefits such as flexible working hours. He says that employees can be retained if the organization offers job security, flexible working arrangements and career development opportunities (Taylor 2002).RESERCH METHODOLOGYThere are three approaches to research methodology seek approach look for strategyData collection methodsResearch approachThere are two types of approaches deductive and inducive. In deductive approach the investigator tests and proves or disproves number of propositions and in the inductive approach the researcher would collect information and develop a theory as a result of analyzing the data. The approach for my study is both deductive and inductive.Research strategyThe most commonly research strategies used are collecting data from number of organizations or a large group of respondents in order to explore the issues largely in the present to develop a theory o r a case study to explore the issues both at present and in the past of an organization to proof the point and propose recommendations. I will be surveying one organization and will bring the facts of the past and present to light in the context of flexible working hours. (Jankowicz1995)SECONDARY DATA COLLECTIONSecondary data analysis is the analysis of data accumulate by another researcher or organization in order to discuss or explore an issue (Hakim 1989). Secondary data can helps to define the research problems and can develop an approach, it is easy and quicker to access mostly through universitys library facilities as this data already been collected and published. This data can be collected in short space of time and it is cost effective. For this research work I will be using the journals, books, library resources and online databases such as Ebsco to collect the data.4.1.2 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTIONPrimary data is normally regarded as being data which is collected by the orig inal researcher who is using the data for further investigation (Oliver 2002 p.14). In this research, I am intending to collect the data from both questionnaires and interviews to obtain the information about the employees attitude, behaviour and touch sensation about McDonalds and also the impact of flexible working practices within McDonalds. For this research it is appropriate to use both techniques for data collection.Qualitative ResearchQualitative data refers to all non-numeric data or data that have not been quantified and can be a product of all research strategies. It can range from a short list of responses to open-ended questions and in-depth interviews (Saunders 2007). In this research qualitative data will be collected by conducting interviews of the managers and the workers at McDonald. Five to seven people will be interviewed and they will be situational and snow balling technique will be practiced.Quantitative ResearchIn this research, I will use the questionnaire i n order to collect the primary data. I will use structured questionnaire in which each person is asked to respond to the same set of questions in a predetermined order. The structured questionnaire will be given to the employees working at McDonalds to get their point of view on how the companys flexible working is affecting their life style and performance. The questionnaires will give to 40-50 people in McDonald. They will not require replying immediately. However, discrete and careful monitoring will be carry out to make sure that the respondent answers all the questions.Data AnalysisTo analyze the qualitative data power computer software (CADAS) like NVivo ATLAS will be used. These are easy available in the market and in some universities as well. It is no longer necessary to undertake routine qualitative data management tasks manually such as sorting the data into categories and location subsets of these data according to specified criteria. (Saunders 2007)LIMITATION OF STUDYSi nce flexible working motivates and improves performance of the employees, all the organisations are adopting flexible working system. All organisations are being encouraged by the UK Government to adopt flexible working practices delinquent to many advantages which include cross culture diversity, reduce absenteeism and high turnover. As the research is being conducted in the UK and flexible working practices can differ crosswise the branches in different localities in the UK. The future research could be carried to find out to what extent the other branches of the organisations is practicing the flexible working system.ETHICAL ISSUES, CONSENT AND penetrationEthical considerations are crucial in the data collection and handling process (Saunders et al 2007). I will make sure that I abide by all the ethical rules and regulations while carrying out my research work. I will make sure that my interviewees know the purpose of the research and all the data will be kept confidential. On e of the branches of McDonalds has already been informed. Researcher will also make sure the responses of the respondent are kept confidential and do not get in the hands of any other unauthorized person. The research will seeks to be fair, consistent and accurate in all aspects.Research planningGant chart of the planning

Walt Whitman: Homoeroticism in Leaves of Grass Essay -- Poetry Analysi

Leaves of Grass is Walt Whitmans life legacy and at the same time the around praised and condemned book of poetry. Although fearful of social scorn, in that respect are several poems in Leaves of Grass that are more explicit in showing the homoerotic imagery, whereas there are several subtle should I say implicit images woven into the fabric of the book. It is not strange, then, that he created many different identities in order to go along safe. What Whitman faced in writing his poetry was the difficulty in describing and resonating manly and homosexual sack out. He was to find another voice of his, a empty talk device, and his effort took two forms simplified, and subverted word play. The first was to understand and render the experience in everyday terms, as in the poem Behold This Swarthy Face. Whitman puts wildness on masculinity in this swarthy face, these gray eyes (149), and other words, too, are expressive enough to explain to the reader what kind of person is to be loved. What is not as subtle as in some other of Whitmans poems is the idea in the second part of the poem And I on the crossing of the street or on the ships deck give a kiss in / return (149) the meeting of the two is to be recognized anywhere, be it on the street or on a ships deck.When it comes to the second form, Davidson notices that The other and far more prevalent form of presented homoerotic love was by means of terms of oppression, subversion (54). Exemplar poem of this form is Not Heaving from My Ribbd Breast Only. In it the lyrical subject is detain in fears and must break out of suppression in order to be himself. In the end of the poem there is a sudden kick O pulse of my life / Need I that you exist and show yourself any more than in... ...dBergman, David. Choosing Our Fathers Gender and Identity in Whitman, Ashbery and Richard Howard. American Literary report 1.2 (1989) 383-403. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012.Davidson, Edward H.. The Presence of Walt Whitman. Journal of Aesthetic Education 17.4 (1983) 41-63. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012.Herrman, Steven B.. Walt Whitman and the Homoerotic Imagination. Jung Journal Culture & Psyche 1.2 (2007) 16-47. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012.Maslan, Mark. Whitman and His manifold Division and Union in Leaves of Grass and Its Critics. American Literary History 6.1 (1994) 119-139. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012.Metzer, David. Reclaiming Walt Marc Blitzsteins Whitman Settings. Journal of the American Musicological Society 48.2 (1995) 240-271. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012.Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. Pennsylvania the Pennsylvania State University, 2007. Print.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

In the novel, Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, Simon isthe most powerful character. Although he is peaceful andshy, Simon closely resembles the role of Christ in many ofhis ways. He tries to show the boys there is no monster onthe island except the fears that the boys have created in theirminds. During a meeting, Simon shares what he believes isthe equity by saying the beast, "Is only us." When he makesthis announcement, he is ridiculed by the boys, "The laughterbeat him cruelly and he shrank away defenseless to his seat."This is an uncanny parallel to the misunderstanding thatChrist had to deal with. Later in the story the savage huntersare chasing a pig. Once they kill the pig, they put its head ona stick and Simon experiences an epiphany in which hecomes to understand the truth of his theory. As Simonrushes to the campfire, "Stumbling through the thick sand,"to tell his discovery to the boys, he is hit in the post with aspear, his prophecy rejected and the word he wished to library paste ignored. Simon falls to the ground and dies. Thedescription of his death, the manner in which he died, andthe cause for which he died are remarkably similar to thecircumstances of Christs life history and ultimate demise. The majordifference is that Christ died on the cross, while Simon wasspeared. However, a reader familiar with the Bible mayrecall that Christ was stabbed in the side with a spear beforehis crucifixion. A Link to the Outside WorldIn the novel, Lord of the Flies written by William Golding, alarge scroll shaped sea shell, known as a conch shell,became crucial for society developed by the surviving boys.Similarly, in Greek mythology Triton, the son of Neptune,uses the conch shell to rear or calm the seas. Here, Ralph,following the instructions of Piggy, uses the shell to subdueand control the animal spirits of the boys. Living on a small,unnamed island, with no with child(p) figures, the conch shellbecame their symbol of aut hority. The influence of the conchkept the childrens hopes of being rescued going, for itreminded them of the order there was in the world wherethey had come from. It seemed to be the only tie to theworld of order and civilization. Events that went along withthe finding of the conch shell started with Ralph being namedthe chief of the island because he was the first boy to blow